Why is Article 5 of MoU causing confrontations in the Strait of Hormuz?

According to Al Jazeera, Iran and the United States are escalating confrontations over navigation rights in the Strait of Hormuz. At the center of the dispute is Article Five of a memorandum of understanding—a provision that has become a major flashpoint between the two countries. The Strait remains one of the world's most critical shipping lanes for global energy and trade.

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