What is Article 5 of Iran-US MoU, and why is it blamed for Hormuz strikes?

Military tensions are rising in the Strait of Hormuz as Iran and the United States escalate their dispute over passage through the vital shipping channel. According to Al Jazeera, a specific clause in their memorandum of understanding—Article Five—has emerged as a major sticking point. The disagreement centers on navigation rights and how international vessels should be able to transit one of the world's most critical energy corridors.

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