According to France 24, the United States and Iran have agreed to immediately and permanently halt military operations—a surprise breakthrough brokered by Pakistan on Sunday. The memorandum includes plans to reopen the Strait of Hormuz and ease international sanctions, while both countries commit to further talks on nuclear issues. It's a significant diplomatic moment. But enormous challenges remain: resolving decades of mistrust, negotiating Iran's nuclear program, and unwinding the sanctions regime. The hard part—turning a ceasefire into lasting peace—starts now.

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