Vatican excommunicates all members of ultra-conservative rebels SSPX

According to the Guardian, the Vatican has excommunicated members of the Society of Saint Pius X, an ultra-conservative Catholic group that ordained four bishops without Pope Leo's consent. Cardinal Víctor Manuel Fernández, head of the Holy See's doctrinal office, ruled the ordinations a schismatic act under church law, triggering automatic excommunication. Founded in Switzerland in nineteen seventy, the SSPX has long clashed with Rome over theological modernization, but this marks the new pontiff's first major crisis.

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